An epigastric hernia occurs in the upper abdominal region, above the umbilicus, where there may be a weakness in the linea alba – the connective tissue that joins the muscles on either side of the abdomen. This weakness can allow abdominal contents, such as fatty tissue (omentum) or bowel, to protrude through, forming the hernia.
Epigastric hernias can range in size and severity, and while some remain asymptomatic, others may cause discomfort or complications.
Epigastric Hernia Causes
Epigastric hernias are usually caused by increased pressure within the abdomen, which can result from:
- Heavy lifting or intense physical activity
- Chronic coughing or sneezing
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Previous abdominal surgery
- Inherited weaknesses in the abdominal wall
Epigastric Hernia Symptoms
Many people with epigastric hernias do not experience symptoms. However, when present, symptoms may include:
- A small lump in the upper abdomen that may increase in size with straining
- Pain or discomfort, especially when coughing or lifting
- Epigastric pain or a burning sensation near the hernia site
- Bloating or nausea
- Symptoms that worsen after eating
Other Epigastric Hernia Side Effects
Epigastric hernias can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on their size and whether abdominal contents become trapped (strangulated). These may include:
- Acid reflux
- Chest pain
- Back pain
- Bloating
- Shortness of breath
- Diarrhea
- Nausea or vomiting
It’s important to consult a specialist if you experience any of these symptoms, as they could indicate complications such as obstruction or strangulation of the hernia.
Epigastric Hernia Symptoms in Females
While epigastric hernia symptoms are generally similar in males and females, some differences may occur due to anatomical variations. In females, symptoms often include a lump in the upper abdomen, discomfort, bloating, nausea, or sharp pain. Hormonal fluctuations, pregnancy, or weaker abdominal walls may exacerbate symptoms, especially during physical strain.
In contrast, males are more likely to report direct pain related to physical activity. Females may also misinterpret symptoms as gastrointestinal issues, such as acid reflux or bloating, leading to delayed diagnosis. Awareness of these nuances is essential for early intervention.
What Can Be Mistaken for an Epigastric Hernia?
Certain conditions may present with similar symptoms to an epigastric hernia, including:
- Acid reflux (GERD)
- Gallbladder issues
- Abdominal wall lipomas (fatty tumours)
- Muscle strain or tears
Proper diagnosis through clinical evaluation and imaging is crucial to rule out other conditions and confirm the presence of an epigastric hernia.
Epigastric Hernia Repair
Epigastric hernias typically require surgical repair to prevent complications and alleviate symptoms. The aim of epigastric hernia repair is to close the hole in the abdominal wall and restore strength to the affected area. During the procedure:
- The hernia is identified and gently reduced (pushed back) into the abdominal cavity.
- The defect in the abdominal wall is closed with permanent stitches.
- For first-time hernias, mesh is rarely required but may be used for larger or recurrent hernias to reinforce the repair and reduce the risk of recurrence.
Types of Surgery:
- Open Surgery
A small incision is made over the hernia site to perform the repair.
- Laparoscopic Surgery
A minimally invasive approach using small incisions and a camera to guide the procedure.
Recovery Time for Epigastric Hernia Surgery
Recovery time varies depending on the size of the hernia and the type of surgery performed. In general:
- Patients can return to light activities within 1-2 weeks.
- Full recovery typically takes 4-6 weeks, during which heavy lifting and strenuous activities should be avoided.
- Follow-up appointments ensure proper healing and rule out complications.
Potential Complications
While complications are rare, they may include:
- Infection at the incision site
- Recurrence of the hernia
- Nerve irritation causing tingling or sensitivity near the scar
- Mesh-related issues (if used), such as rejection or infection
Your surgeon will provide detailed post-operative care instructions to minimise these risks.
Cost of Epigastric Hernia Surgery in London
The cost of epigastric hernia repair in London depends on several factors, including the type of surgery, the use of mesh, and the hospital or clinic. Private treatment at a leading facility typically varies, covering consultations, surgery, and aftercare. For those opting for NHS treatment, the procedure is free, but waiting times may be longer.
